Dr. Imoro said the causes of human trafficking in Ghana stemmed from the Ghanaian culture and practice of sending away children to extended family members in other areas, ignorance on what the child might be used for, lack of education, poverty, violent conflicts, and globalization. Causes of human trafficking in Nigeria Human trafficking in Nigeria is caused by a number of reasons, ranging from poverty to unemployment and illiteracy. Another way, in which Ghana is faced with this evil of human trafficking, is that, Ghana has become to some degree a target point for traffickers. There are many causes for the trafficking, but the cause above all is poverty, which is connected to both supply and demand. The harsh economic conditions in the country make some individuals jump at any opportunity to move to greener pastures, and human traffickers deceitfully provide these opportunities. by . lack of … One basic thing associated with human trafficking is that the victim's fundamental human rights are abused through enforced labour exploitation, sexual exploitation, forced marriage, illegal adoption, and other such ills. OF GHANA ENTITLED HUMAN TRAFFICKING ACT, 2005 AN ACT for the prevention, reduction and punishment of human trafficking, for the rehabilitation and reintegration of trafficked persons and for related matters. The push factors are poverty, underemployment, unemployment, lack of education, globalization of labor, market diversity, and countrywide conflict. The Human Trafficking Secretariat coordinates all activities of human trafficking in Ghana by adopting legal, legislative and operational measures to reinforce the principles of gender equality and human rights issues. Over the past few years, Ghana has been known to be a source, transit and destination country for men, women, and children subjected to forced labor and sex trafficking. READ PAPER. Human trafficking, also called trafficking in persons, form of modern-day slavery involving the illegal transport of individuals by force or deception for the purpose of labour, sexual exploitation, or activities in which others benefit financially.Human trafficking is a global problem affecting people of all ages. More than 2 000 Sudanese nationals crossed the Central Mediterranean to Europe in 2018 Drug abuse in Ghana, causes, effects and solutions ... the use of tramadol by young people is the desire of most of them to enhance their performances in various fields of human … He enumerated some of the root causes of human trafficking in Ghana as poverty and desperation which maintain a pool of vulnerable victims, Ignorance, large family size and neglect, weak law enforcement and policy implementation, a culture that accepts treating young boys, women and girls as objects that can be bought and sold. The Eastern Corridor of the Northern Region, particularly areas around Zabzugu and Tatale, is fast becoming a transit point for human trafficking activities.. Traffickers lure Nigerian women and girls to Ghana with the promise of a good job and coerce them into commercial sex to pay exorbitant debts for transportation and lodging. Trafficking of children for labor and sexual exploitation violates basic human rights and constitutes a major global public health problem. Through research and over 10 years of operations, the organisation has discovered that child trafficking in Ghana is caused by poverty, ignorance, poor parental care and lack of … hannah-joy amissah (10703389) this dissertation is submitted to the university of ghana, legon, in partial fulfilment of the requirement for the award of master In 2015, Ghana was placed on the Tier 2 Watch List, which means that the country risks dropping to the third tier. Addressing a press conference in Accra today, […] The reason is that the government For many decades, the Catholic Church in Ghana has played a critical role in the development of the country, providing essential social services and interventions that touch the core human existence which include helping curb the increasing rate of human trafficking. Human Trafficking and Forced Labour in Ghana. The most prevalent type of trafficking in Ghana is internal child trafficking, especially of children subjected to forced labour in the fishing, mining, agricultural and informal sectors, including street hawking, begging and portering. “The Root Cause of Human Trafficking is Traffickers.” ... Human trafficking is not a naturally occurring phenomenon. This paper. CAUSES AND EFFECT OF CHILD TRAFFICKING IN NIGERIA A CASE STUDY OF OREDO LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA OF EDO STATE ABSTRACT This project work is to evaluate the causes and effect of child trafficking in Nigeria (a case study of Oredo Local Government Edo State). The report assesses the efforts of governments around the world to fight human trafficking, including in the United States. HUMAN TRAFFICKING IN GHANA: A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS 2 occurs when “a domestic worker is not free to leave his or her employment and is abused and underpaid, if paid at all” (United States of America Department of the State, June 2018, p. 33). Fishermen, on … Sex trafficking encompasses the range of activities involved when a trafficker uses force, fraud, or coercion to compel another person to engage in a commercial sex act or causes a child to engage in a commercial sex act. According to her, after the adoption of the human Trafficking protocol to prevent , suppress and punish trafficking of persons especially women and children , Ghana has domesticated the law since. Trafficking of children is a form of human trafficking and is defined by the United Nations as the "recruitment, transportation, transfer, harboring, and/or receipt" kidnapping of a child for the purpose of slavery, forced labor and exploitation. This year marks a major milestone—the 20th anniversary of the TIP Report. Many Ghanaian children are trafficked from their home villages to work in the fishing industry. Drug trafficking is ultimately fueled by the economic principle of supply and demand in a world where there is a high demand for illicit substances that cannot be obtained through any legal means. The need for the study arises because of the alarming rate of increase of child trafficking in The second National Plan to Combat Human Trafficking 72 sought to improve the coordination of all bodies and agencies involved in preventing human trafficking and proposed new measures to train multi-agency personnel involved in combatting human trafficking. Dr Razak Imoro, Senior Lecturer, University of Cape Coast (UCC), says Ghana needs a particular institution clothed with a clear Ghana needs a fit-for-purpose institution to curb human trafficking … Anti-Trafficking Review calls for papers for a Special Issue themed ‘Migration, Sexuality, and Gender Identity’.. The Ghana police service (GPS) anti-human trafficking unit (AHTU) reported conducting 118 investigations of potential trafficking crimes, compared with 238 investigations in 2015; of these, 114 were for labor trafficking and four for sex trafficking. Some are especially relevant to the causes of trafficking. This, plus the porous nature of Kenyan borders, is fuelling human trafficking. This includes forced labor, reducing a person to a servile status (including forced marriage) and sex trafficking persons, such as the sexual trafficking of children. Dr Razak Imoro, Senior Lecturer, University of Cape Coast (UCC), says Ghana needs a particular institution clothed with a clear Ghana needs a fit-for-purpose institution to curb human trafficking … In 2005, Ghana passed the Human Trafficking Act that aimed to fight against human trafficking in 3 distinct ways: prevention of human trafficking, protection of trafficked persons, and prosecution of traffickers. The government reported initiating 82 investigations into suspected human trafficking during calendar year 2018, compared to 113 investigations in 2017. Twenty years ago, when the United States Congress passed the TVPA mandating this report, it signaled the U.S. government’s resolve to fight human trafficking and marked a pivot from indignation to positive action. With large amounts of money to be made, traffickers keep moving their products, thereby increasing their power. “To use the word eradicate sounds overly optimistic, but with the provision of adequate resources, the fight against human trafficking … From forced labor to indentured servitude to sex trafficking, there are many forms of human trafficking. As we pointed out in our article 10 Human Trafficking Facts in India: History, Causes and Statistics there has been an increase in human trafficking rate in the past couple of years. With large amounts of money to be made, traffickers keep moving their products, thereby increasing their power. Of the 82, the Ghana Police Service (GPS) Anti-Human Trafficking Unit (AHTU) reported 67 investigations of potential trafficking crimes, compared with 91 investigations in 2017. In Southern Asia, … A. Janet Mohammed. This study examines the causes of child trafficking in Ghana, some interventions and efforts directed at reducing child trafficking and policy implementation challenges faced by local and international conventions that seek to advance the human rights of children as a result of the lack … Large family size, lack of educational opportunities and unemployment can also make a person vulnerable to TiP. Human Rights Watch (HRW) specifically identified Ghana as among the nations most “implicated in the trafficking of children.” It demanded the immediate ratification of the Palermo Protocols and called for a domestic prohibition on child trafficking as well as the investigation, prosecution, and punishment of perpetrators. They have teams in 12 countries fighting human trafficking, including sexual trafficking, forced labor, bonded labor, involuntary domestic servitude, and other forms of exploitation. A. Atia Apusigah. Over time, as her own understanding grew and as the effects of the Trafficking Victims Protection Act of 2000—the first comprehensive federal law to address human trafficking—filtered down to the clinic, Chang redefined these patients as victims, forced by poverty or isolation into a life of servitude, often trading sex for money or drugs. Causes of Human Trafficking in Sub Saharan Africa. Human trafficking is synonymous with trafficking in persons and has commonly been referred to as modern day slavery. June 29, 2017 Ghana remains on course in the fight against human trafficking, says Minister of Gender, Children and Social Protection, Madam Otiko Afisa Djaba. It has emerged that the Immigration Department is not adequately equipped to detect forgeries. But there are still some general causes: Poverty: Poverty not only encourages corruption but corrupt public institutions, in turn, exacerbate poverty. This is when a violation of human rights, for instance the violation of the right to an adequate standard of living, lead to increase vulnerability of a person. Description of human trafficking in – GHANA. The Human Trafficking Act, 2005 (Act 694) The Several cultural traditions in Africa combine the aforementioned three types of trafficking to create the Trokosi or “slaves to the gods” in Ghana and the Wahaya or “fifth wife” in Niger. Unfortunately, these factors contribute to another issue affecting countless victims across Download PDF. have been global concerns on the occurrence of trafficking and Ghana as a country, has been placed on the tier 2 watch list by the United States. FOR THE ELIMINATION OF HUMAN TRAFFICKING IN GHANA 5 FOREWORD Human trafficking and its related crimes constitute some of the gravest human rights violations of our times. The majority of children subject to human trafficking within Ghana are exploited for labor in cocoa, domestic work, commercial sexual exploitation, gold mining, and fishing. The Trafficking Victims Protection Act of 2000, as amended (TVPA), defines “severe forms of trafficking in persons” as: sex trafficking in which a commercial sex act is induced by force, fraud, or coercion, or in which the person induced to … combating human trafficking: an assessment of the national policies on eliminating human trafficking in ghana . In Ghana, West Africa, the internal trafficking of children is one of the biggest challenges. Ghana Police set up anti-human trafficking Unit. In 2016, the National Human Trafficking Hotline, operated by Polaris, registered more than 26,700 calls and recorded 7572 cases of human trafficking. Children as young as age 4 are subjected to forced labor in fishing in the areas around Lake Volta, sometimes as … The texts chosen are ‘Trafficking: The Reality of Violence Against Women’ a speech delivered by H.E Samira Bawumia who is a Ghanaian politician also the Second Lady of the Republic of Ghana, and ‘Causes & Effects of Human Trafficking’ published in 2018 by Micah Hartmann. To effectively solve the problem of child trafficking in Ghana the first important thing all concerned parties need to be aware of is the causes of child trafficking in the first place. Immigration Officer Mr Alfred Omangi said human trafficking was on the increase and that the cartels were too advanced for law enforcers. It is a choice. A National Child Labour Survey by the Ghana Statistical Service indicated that out of the over six million children in Ghana of school-going age between five years and seven years, 1.3 million of … Human Trafficking Defined. Human trafficking is not a … Human Trafficking Has a Hidden Cause — and It's on the Rise Worldwide Fishermen disembark from their fishing boat at Songkhla port in Songkhla, … China does not meet the minimum requirement of standards necessary to combat the rise of human trafficking. These intermediaries are often people of familiarity. Dr. Imoro said the causes of human trafficking in Ghana stemmed from the Ghanaian culture and practice of sending away children to extended family members in … “I had done a lot of work in the US around poverty, especially around youth in poverty. human trafficking. Tackling the Issue. of Ghana, Human Trafficking Act 2005 (694) The strategy should highlight Government of Ghana, Domestic Violence Act prevention, protection and partnership 2007 (732) Government of Ghana, Palermo efforts in combating child Protocol, IOM, 2001. trafficking.This harnesses the critical CHRISTIAN COUNCIL OF GHANA POLICY BRIEF ON CHILD TRAFFICKING Often trafficking can occur when households are financially challenged and give children to intermediaries or fishermen to work for monetary exchange (Rescue Foundation Ghana, 37.) The Crusading Guide, 30 … Extreme poverty also plays an issue in child trafficking as families sometimes leave their children behind or give their children to the traffickers. Provide at least four facts or trends regarding the issue of human trafficking in the country. Download Full PDF Package. In order to develop a programme of action directed at reducing and possibly eradicating the trafficking and smuggling of … Human trafficking in South Africa occurs as a practice of forced labour and commercial sexual exploitation among imported and exported trafficked men, women, and children. This dissertation provided an analysis on the factors that influence child trafficking in Ghana and included the child victim – offender familiarity and the spread of child trafficking cases. The texts chosen are ‘Trafficking: The Reality of Violence Against Women’ a speech delivered by H.E Samira Bawumia who is a Ghanaian politician also the Second Lady of the Republic of Ghana, and ‘Causes & Effects of Human Trafficking’ published in 2018 by Micah Hartmann. Dr Razak Imoro, Senior Lecturer, University of Cape Coast (UCC), says Ghana needs a particular institution clothed with a clear cut mandate to curb human trafficking. The government made no efforts to decrease the demand for forced labor or for commercial sex acts. The first cause that has been the biggest contributor to this menace is the cheap labor that comes with child trafficking. cause of trafficking in Ghana is poverty, defined as limited political, economic and social opportunities. Of the 113, the Ghana Police Service (GPS) Anti-Human Trafficking Unit (AHTU) reported conducting 91 investigations of potential trafficking crimes, compared with 118 investigations in 2016. The causes of human trafficking are complex and interlinked, and include economic, social and political factors. The causes of corruption in a closed dictatorship like North Korea may not be the same in a large democracy like Kenya. The problem with legal enforcement is intimately linked to the root causes of trafficking. A form of modern-day slavery, human trafficking is a serious public health emergency affecting 12 to 30 million people, including more than 5 million children. A. Atia Apusigah. According to her, the government has put in place systems and structures to address the teaming issues on human trafficking in the country. Different human rights are relevant at different points in the trafficking cycle. Trafficking is one of the largest profit makers for organized crime in the world, and this rings true also in Africa. A21 is a non-governmental organization that has been working for over ten years toward their mission of abolishing slavery everywhere, forever. Human Trafficking, she said, was considered to be a slap on the face of democracy and nation building efforts, as they trampled on the fundamental human rights of individuals and therefore deemed a criminal act under Ghana’s Constitution. The 2016 United States Department of State report on human trafficking identified Ghana as a source, transit, and destination country for men, women, and … According to her, after the adoption of the human Trafficking protocol to prevent , suppress and punish trafficking of persons especially women and children , Ghana has domesticated the law since. Overall, the largest causes of human trafficking in China are the high unemployment rates in rural areas, mass production increase in urban areas and lack of enforced punishment by government and law. Child trafficking in Ghana. However, as this issue has been brought to the light internationally, the country has begun to make efforts to fight against human trafficking. Map of Ghana Showing Internal Human trafficking Routes, Destinations and Origins of ... by this problem and is facing key challenges in determining its causes and effects. Sexual slavery and sexual exploitation is attaching the right of ownership over one or more people with the intent of coercing or otherwise forcing them to engage in sexual activities. : TRAFFICKING IN GHANA v FOREWORD Human trafficking and its related crimes constitute some of the gravest human rights violations of our times. Human Trafficking In Ghana: A Review Of … The victim and economic theories shaped most of the interventions that are currently being used to tackle child trafficking. slavery, servitude or the removal of organs.” According to Ghana’s Human Trafficking Act of 2005 and its 2009 amendments, human trafficking is defined as: “The recruit-ment, transportation, transfer, harboring, trading or receipt of persons for the pur-pose of exploitation within and across national borders by (a) the use of threats, force There are many factors that lead to human trafficking, a form of modern-day slavery that exists in the 21st century.Today, an estimated 24.9 million people worldwide are still forced into a world of captivity. The NCCT is also tasked with developing a national strategy to address the causes of human trafficking. Mark; Abstract Despite the growing efforts by international and national actors to combat trafficking in human beings, the slavery of our time is flourishing. Poverty alone does not necessarily create vulnerability to trafficking, but when combined with other factors, these can lead to a higher risk for being trafficked. This special issue will bridge the fields of queer, migration, and critical trafficking studies in order to address the intersections and imbrications of transactional sex, LGBTQI+ identities and politics, and discourses of migration and human trafficking.
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